A Study On Seismic Wave - 4065 Words

CHAPTER -2 REVIEW OF LITRETURE 2.1 Introduction Most of today’s producing naturally fractured reservoirs were discovered accidentally, they were found by somebody who are looking for some other type of reservoir. Significant volume of hydrocarbon resides in these reservoirs. But these are abandoned particularly in fields because improper testing and evolution or because the wells did not intersect the natural fractures (Aguilera, 1998). Attempts have been made to quantify properties of such reservoir (Chaki et al., 2014). It has been long recognized that the presence of naturally occurring fracture network can lead to unpredictable heterogeneity and anisotropy within many reservoirs. In past geophysicists acquired and processed P-wave reflection data at short offset, which automatically implied relatively small angular ray coverage. So seismic anisotropy, which is defined as directional dependence of elastic properties of earth remains unnoticed. But with the advance of methodologies, acquiring long offset and multi-compone nt data become feasible and cost effective, anisotropy showed up. Seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous medium is discussed by Chabak et al., 2012. On a smaller scale, stresses in the Earth can cause rock to fracture in a consistent manner. If these fractures are aligned, the rock will be anisotropic with the fast direction parallel to the fractures and the slow direction perpendicular to them. In ideal cases, these observations can provideShow MoreRelatedA Study On Seismic Waves1888 Words   |  8 Pagesabout Seismic waves in relation to Earthquakes. In other words, we’ll be looking at Seismology, which is the study of the passage of elastic waves through the Earth. Seismic waves are waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion; these waves are the energy that is transmitted through the earth which is recorded on seismographs, which measures, amplifies, and records the motion of the ground (Endsley, 2016). Many different processes generate seismic waves, includingRead MoreThe 3d Seismic Survey Of East Godavari Mangrove Area1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe 3D seismic survey in East Godavari mangrove area has short-term effects on the environment. The surveyed area includes the main six reserved mangrove patches in East coast of India and the process of lying of geophones cables and shoot hole drilling for 3D seismic exploration may lead to the destruction of habitat through clearing the vegetation. Primary sources of disturbances associated with exploration include equipment transportation inside the mangrove, vehicle traffic, shot hole drillingRead MoreEarthquake Literature Review911 Words   |  4 Pages energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don’t just slide smoothly; the rocks catch on each other. II. Earthquakes Recordings Earthquakes are recorded by instruments called seismometers, also know as seismograph. These instruments measure the motions of the ground generated by earthquakes, explosions and other seismic sources. TheRead MoreThe Effects Of Seismic Surveys On Fauna1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe present study monitored the direct and indirect Impacts of seismic surveys on fauna of the mangrove using Birds Insects, Crabs, Reptiles and fishes as representative taxa. During the 3D seismic survey, tools, labour and machineries were used inside the mangrove forests. Major sources of faunal impacts observed during the seismic survey operations were from, 1) Physical presence and movement of the labour and machinery within the forest and 2) Noise and vibration generated from shooting (undergroundRead MoreA Brief Note On Seismic Hazard Analysis On The Event Of A Disastrous Seismic Event1225 Words   |  5 PagesSummary of proposed research Seismic hazard analysis is an important tool in mitigating risks in the event of a disastrous seismic event like an earthquake. This can be done by studying the behaviour of the soil in locations that are within seismically active regions using several geophysical methods. This project employs the use the cost-effective microtremor method in studying the site response in Kathmandu, Nepal, following the April 25, 2015 M7.8 Gorkha. Analysis of the field data will yieldRead MoreElectrical Design And Seismic Design Codes Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages FACULTY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING COMPUTING School of Civil Engineering Construction BEng (Hons) Degree in Civil Engineering A Study of Seismic Design and Seismic Design Codes Interim Report Syed Bahrami K1355168 Supervisor Dr Hamid Jahromi Abstract Earthquake engineering is a subject where a person can be overwhelmed with information but still crave for knowledge due to its unpredictable nature. Earthquakes are a natural repetitive occurrence on planet earth, whichRead MoreApplication Of An Aid For Hc Exploration1723 Words   |  7 Pagesexample of aki richards approximation results and conclusions (10-12) results for different methods in class 1 to 4 type sands conclusions Abstract Amplitude-versus-Offset (AVO) inversion has been used to invert seismic reflection data to identify gas bearing sands. There are a number of relations which have been proposed to do this inversion. These relations have been derived from the basic Zoeppritz equations which are nonlinear. In order to be efficiently incorporatedRead MoreSudden and Violent Shifting of Tectonic Plates Cause Earthquakes929 Words   |  4 PagesEarthquakes are a natural phenomena caused by the violent and sudden shifting of plates along tectonic boundaries. Movement of tectonic plates releases stored energy producing seismic waves, which travel through the solid rock of the upper layers of the earth’s crust. Earthquakes occur along belts, circum-Pacific or Alpine, located near the edges of tectonic plates. Energy released by the interaction between two plates can produce severe damage to the surrounding environment. Earthquakes occur alongRead MoreMy Experience On My Life1719 Words   |  7 Pagesplates meet is a hot zone of seismic and volcanic activity. As you can imagine a large amount of tension is created where plates rub, subduct, or separate as the plates get caught on each other and eventually build up stress. Earthquakes happen when this stress releases, or when a sudden shift on the fault line occurs. The place where the movement takes place is known as the focus. This is where a large amount of energy is released in the form of a series of seismic waves (Earthquake). There are twoRead MoreThe Chile Of Peru And Chile1149 Words   |  5 Pagesthat happen due to human cause or are a direct result of a natural event. As a whole, the Peru-Chile Trench has had a huge effect on both timelines, as there are two massive tectonic plates, one being subducted in an ocean. Therefore, there are many seismic events that have taken place on our geologic timeline and at the same time shaped our his toric timeline. The most recent large-scale earthquake along the Peru-Chile Plate was the 16 September earthquake, which happened in 2015. It measured an M 8